Skin Pigmentation

Skin color is determined in part by melanin, a pigment produced by specialized skin cells called melanocytes. Changes in how melanin is produced or distributed can create areas that appear darker or lighter than the surrounding skin.

Pigmentation changes can affect people of all skin tones. Some are primarily cosmetic concerns, while others may be related to an underlying skin condition. An evaluation can help determine the cause and whether treatment is appropriate.

COMMON TYPES OF PIGMENTATION CHANGES

• Hyperpigmentation causes areas of skin to appear darker than the surrounding skin because of increased or uneven melanin.
• Hypopigmentation causes areas to appear lighter because less pigment is present.

WHAT CAUSES CHANGES IN SKIN PIGMENTATION?

Pigmentation changes can have several causes. Sun exposure can contribute to dark spots and uneven tone, while hormonal changes, certain medications, skin injuries, and inflammation may also affect melanin production. Genetics and skin conditions such as vitiligo can contribute to lighter areas of skin.

COMMON FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT PIGMENTATION

• Sun and ultraviolet exposure
• Hormonal changes
• Skin irritation or injury
• Acne or other inflammation
• Certain medications
• Genetics
• Skin conditions that affect pigment production

Pigmentation associated with prolonged UV exposure may also occur alongside other signs of sun damage.

Skin pigmentation treatment begins with determining why the discoloration is occurring. Treatment depends on whether the skin is darker or lighter than usual, the underlying cause, the location of the affected areas, and your individual skin.

For certain types of darker pigmentation and discoloration, treatment options available at Steele Creek Dermatology may include chemical peels, IPL treatments, or professional skincare products. The appropriate option depends on the cause of the pigmentation and your treatment goals.

Lighter areas of skin may require a different approach. Your provider will evaluate the pigmentation before recommending care rather than treating all discoloration the same way.